Compare San Marino (2003) - Macau (2007)

Compare San Marino (2003) z Macau (2007)

	San Marino (2003)	Macau (2007)

Administrative divisions	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.3% (male 2,364; female 2,220) 15-64 years: 67.1% (male 9,149; female 9,731) 65 years and over: 16.6% (male 2,009; female 2,646) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 15.4% (male 36,413/female 33,981) 15-64 years: 76.6% (male 166,797/female 183,088) 65 years and over: 8% (male 15,541/female 21,169) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong
Airports	none (2002)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 28.2 sq km land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC
Background	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	10.49 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	8.57 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)	revenues: $3.16 billion expenditures: $3.16 billion (FY05/06)
Capital	San Marino	-
Climate	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	41 km
Constitution	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution	Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	euro (EUR)	-
Death rate	7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	4.59 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$3.1 billion (2004)
Dependency status	-	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$NA (2004)
Economy - overview	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 10.1% in 2002, 14.2% in 2003, and 28.6% in 2004 before slowing to 6.7% in 2005. The economic boom was powered by gambling, tourism, and the construction necessary to support such endeavors. China's decision to ease travel restrictions led to a rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors. The opening of Macau's gaming industry to foreign access in 2001 spurred an increase in public works expenditures. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland due to the termination in 2005 of the Multi-Fiber Agreement, which provided a near guarantee of export markets, leaving the territory more dependent on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland. The range of products covered by CEPA was expanded on 1 January 2005.
Electricity - consumption	NA (2000)	2.16 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh note: electric power supplied by Italy	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh note: electricity supplied by Italy	341 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	NA	1.947 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 41.18% hydro: 58.82% nuclear: 0% other: 0%	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution	party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)
Ethnic groups	Sammarinese, Italian	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999)	patacas per US dollar - 8.0015 (2006), 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giovanni LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Valeria CIAVATTA (for the period 1 October 2003-31 March 2004) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2003 (next to be held NA March 2004); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007) election results: Giovanni LONFERNINI and Valeria CIAVATTA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - 40% note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent
Exports	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy	21 bbl/day (2005)
Exports - commodities	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Exports - partners	-	US 44.1%, China 14.8%, Hong Kong 11.3%, Germany 7.3%, UK 4.1% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	7.5% (2001 est.)	6.7% (2005)
Geographic coordinates	43 46 N, 12 25 E	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines	essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges
Heliports	-	1 (2007)
Highways	total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines
Imports	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy	12,840 bbl/day (2005)
Imports - commodities	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Imports - partners	-	China 45.2%, Hong Kong 10.2%, Japan 8.4%, US 5.5%, Singapore 4.1%, France 4% (2006)
Independence	3 September 301	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	6% (1997 est.)	NA%
Industries	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.3% (2001)	4.4% (2005)
International organization participation	CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO	IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	18,500 (1999)	248,000 (2005)
Labor force - by occupation	services 57%, industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.)	manufacturing 13.7%, construction 10.5%, transport and communications 5.9%, wholesale and retail trade 14.6%, restaurants and hotels 10.3%, gambling 17.9%, public sector 7.8%, other services and agriculture 19.3% (2005 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	Italian	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Legal system	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1	unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - New Democratic Macau Association 18.8%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16.6%, Union for Development 13.3%, Union for Promoting Progress 9.6%, Macau Development Alliance 9.3%, others 32.4%; seats by political group - New Democratic Macau Association 2, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, Union for Development 2, Union for Promoting Progress 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, others 3; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 81.43 years male: 77.9 years female: 85.26 years (2003 est.)	total population: 82.27 years male: 79.44 years female: 85.25 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.3% male: 95.3% female: 87.8% (2001 census)
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Europe	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	not specified
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of China
Military branches	Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance	no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$700,000 (FY00/01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	-
National holiday	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	NA	typhoons
Natural resources	building stone	NEGL
Net migration rate	11.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	4.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	28,119 (July 2003 est.)	456,989 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	1.38% (2003 est.)	0.841% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	0 km; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore	-
Religions	Roman Catholic	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.072 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.911 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.734 male(s)/female total population: 0.918 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	18,000 (1998)	176,700 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	3,010 (1998)	636,300 (2006)
Television broadcast stations	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)	1 (2006)
Terrain	rugged mountains	generally flat
Total fertility rate	1.31 children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.03 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	2.6% (2001)	4.1% (2005)
Waterways	none	-

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